The International Organization for Migration (IOM) has reported that 2024 has been the deadliest year on record for migrants in Asia, with 2,514 lives lost along dangerous migration routes.
According to IOM data, this figure represents a sharp 59% increase from the 1,584 deaths recorded in 2023, underscoring the rising dangers faced by migrants in the region.
“No one should have to risk their life in search of safety or a better future,” said Iori Kato, IOM’s Regional Director for Asia and the Pacific.
“Each life lost is a painful reminder of the urgent need for safer migration pathways—these tragedies are preventable.”
The surge in migrant deaths is largely linked to two of Asia’s most vulnerable groups: Rohingya Muslims fleeing Myanmar and Afghans escaping conflict and instability.
At least 1,517 Afghan migrants died while in transit in 2024, marking a 39% increase from the previous year. Deaths among Rohingya migrants more than doubled, reaching 889 compared to 436 in 2023.
A particularly deadly incident occurred on August 5, when over 150 people attempting to cross the Naf River from Myanmar to Bangladesh were reportedly killed by artillery fire.
IOM emphasized that dangers extend beyond violence and conflict. Many migrants face life-threatening conditions en route, including overcrowded boats, abuse by smugglers, and extreme weather.
A lack of proper identification remains a significant issue, with over 1,000 deceased migrants in 2024 remaining unidentified. Among those documented, 1,086 were men, 205 were women, and 217 were children.
“The absence of reliable data on missing migrants means the true number of deaths is likely even higher,” Kato added. “Many families searching for their loved ones are left without answers.”
Migration in Asia is driven by a combination of economic hardship, conflict, and environmental factors, all of which are exacerbated by climate change.
However, limited legal migration options have forced many to rely on irregular and highly dangerous routes.
One of the most perilous migration corridors remains the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea, where Rohingya and Bangladeshi migrants risk their lives on overcrowded boats, often facing food shortages, abuse, and rejection upon arrival.
Overland routes across South and Southeast Asia, such as those from Nepal to India or from Afghanistan and Pakistan through Iran and Turkey, also present severe risks.
Migrants frequently encounter harsh environmental conditions, human traffickers, and border violence.
Although sea crossings to Australia have declined due to strict border controls, many stranded migrants in transit countries now face a lack of healthcare, education, and legal protection, leaving them highly vulnerable to exploitation.
IOM continues to call for stronger measures to protect migrants and provide safe and legal pathways to reduce the risks they face.